k8s集群部署

1. 角色分配

角色	IP	安装组件
k8s-master	10.0.0.170	kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd
k8s-node0	10.0.0.113	kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,flannel,etcd
k8s-node1	10.0.0.56	kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,flannel,etcd

2. 环境预备

#系统更新sudo yum install -y epel-release; sudo yum update -y sudo apt-get install -y epel-release; sudo apt-get update -y

3. 下载组件

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1cOUJyQ8tuT_lT4a1ofY1Jw 提取码：6n31

4. cfssl安装

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfsslmv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljsonmv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

5. etcd集群部署

Etcd是Kubernetes集群中的一个十分重要的组件，用于保存集群所有的网络配置和对象的状态信息

5.1 etcd证书生成

• etcd ca配置

cat << EOF | tee ca-config.json{  "signing": {    "default": {      "expiry": "87600h"    },    "profiles": {      "etcd": {         "expiry": "87600h",         "usages": [            "signing",            "key encipherment",            "server auth",            "client auth"        ]      }    }  }}EOF

• etcd ca证书

cat << EOF | tee ca-csr.json{    "CN": "etcd CA",    "key": {        "algo": "rsa",        "size": 2048    },    "names": [        {            "C": "CN",            "L": "Beijing",            "ST": "Beijing"        }    ]}EOF

• etcd server证书

cat << EOF | tee server-csr.json{    "CN": "etcd",    "hosts": [    "10.0.0.170",    "10.0.0.113",    "10.0.0.56"    ],    "key": {        "algo": "rsa",        "size": 2048    },    "names": [        {            "C": "CN",            "L": "Beijing",            "ST": "Beijing"        }    ]}EOF

生成证书

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=etcd server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server[centos@jiliguo ssl]$ lsca-config.json  ca.csr  ca-csr.json  ca-key.pem  ca.pem  server.csr  server-csr.json  server-key.pem  server.pem

5.2 etcd安装

• 解压缩

tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gzcd etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/cp etcd etcdctl /k8s/etcd/bin/

• 配置etcd配置文件

vim /k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf   #[Member]ETCD_NAME="etcd01"ETCD_DATA_DIR="/data1/etcd"ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.0.170:2380"ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.0.170:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379"#[Clustering]ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.0.170:2380"ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.0.170:2379"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://10.0.0.170:2380,etcd02=https://10.0.0.113:2380,etcd03=https://10.0.0.56:2380"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"#[Security]ETCD_CERT_FILE="/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem"ETCD_KEY_FILE="/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"ETCD_TRUSTED_CA_FILE="/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem"ETCD_CLIENT_CERT_AUTH="true"ETCD_PEER_CERT_FILE="/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem"ETCD_PEER_KEY_FILE="/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"ETCD_PEER_TRUSTED_CA_FILE="/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem"ETCD_PEER_CLIENT_CERT_AUTH="true"

• 配置etcd启动文件

mkdir /data1/etcdvim /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service[Unit]Description=Etcd ServerAfter=network.targetAfter=network-online.targetWants=network-online.target[Service]Type=notifyWorkingDirectory=/data1/etcd/EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd.confExecStart=/bin/bash -c "GOMAXPROCS=$(nproc) /k8s/etcd/bin/etcd"Restart=on-failureLimitNOFILE=65536[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

5.2 etcd集群测试

[centos@jiliguo etcd]$ sudo /k8s/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://10.0.0.170:2379,https://10.0.0.113:2379,https://10.0.0.56:2379" cluster-healthmember 5369b6e78dc66d92 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.0.0.113:2379member aa55e29e6ec202ab is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.0.0.170:2379member b5010a06fcd898a8 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.0.0.56:2379

6. kubernets证书与私钥

• kubernetes ca证书

cat << EOF | tee ca-config.json{  "signing": {    "default": {      "expiry": "87600h"    },    "profiles": {      "kubernetes": {         "expiry": "87600h",         "usages": [            "signing",            "key encipherment",            "server auth",            "client auth"        ]      }    }  }}EOFcat << EOF | tee ca-csr.json{    "CN": "kubernetes",    "key": {        "algo": "rsa",        "size": 2048    },    "names": [        {            "C": "CN",            "L": "Beijing",            "ST": "Beijing",            "O": "k8s",            "OU": "System"        }    ]}EOFcfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

• apiserver证书

cat << EOF | tee server-csr.json{    "CN": "kubernetes",    "hosts": [      "10.254.0.1",      "127.0.0.1",      "10.0.0.170",      "10.0.0.113",      "10.0.0.56",      "kubernetes",      "kubernetes.default",      "kubernetes.default.svc",      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"    ],    "key": {        "algo": "rsa",        "size": 2048    },    "names": [        {            "C": "CN",            "L": "Beijing",            "ST": "Beijing",            "O": "k8s",            "OU": "System"        }    ]}EOFcfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

• kube-proxy证书

cat << EOF | tee kube-proxy-csr.json{  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",  "hosts": [],  "key": {    "algo": "rsa",    "size": 2048  },  "names": [    {      "C": "CN",      "L": "Beijing",      "ST": "Beijing",      "O": "k8s",      "OU": "System"    }  ]}EOFcfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

4、5、6在一台机器执行即可，后续将配置文件传输到其他节点

7. 部署master节点

tar -zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz cd kubernetes/server/bin/cp kube-scheduler kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kubectl /k8s/kubernetes/bin/

7.1 部署kube-apiserver组件

• 部署kube-apiserver组件 创建TLS Bootstrapping Token

[centos@jiliguo bin]$ head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' 'c3daa4aea38e73da480df317c0fd63f9vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csvc3daa4aea38e73da480df317c0fd63f9,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"

• 创建Apiserver配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \--v=4 \--etcd-servers=https://10.0.0.170:2379,https://10.0.0.113:2379,https://10.0.0.56:2379 \--bind-address=10.0.0.170 \--secure-port=6443 \--advertise-address=10.0.0.170 \--allow-privileged=true \--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 \--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \--token-auth-file=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \--tls-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \--tls-private-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \--client-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \--service-account-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \--etcd-cafile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \--etcd-certfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \--etcd-keyfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

• 创建apiserver systemd文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service [Unit]Description=Kubernetes API ServerDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes [Service]EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserverExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTSRestart=on-failure [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 启动服务

systemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl enable kube-apiserversystemctl start kube-apiserver

7.2 部署kube-scheduler组件

• 创建kube-scheduler配置文件

vim  /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS=" --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect "

• 创建kube-scheduler systemd文件

[Unit]Description=Kubernetes SchedulerDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes [Service]EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-schedulerExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTSRestart=on-failure [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 启动服务

systemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl enable kube-scheduler.service systemctl start kube-scheduler.service

7.3 部署kube-controller-manager组件

• 创建kube-controller-manager配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-managerKUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \--v=4 \--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \--leader-elect=true \--address=127.0.0.1 \--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 \--cluster-name=kubernetes \--cluster-signing-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \--cluster-signing-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \--root-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \--service-account-private-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"

• 创建kube-controller-manager systemd文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service  [Unit]Description=Kubernetes Controller ManagerDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes [Service]EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-managerExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTSRestart=on-failure [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 启动服务

systemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl enable kube-scheduler.service systemctl start kube-scheduler.service

7.4 验证kubeserver服务

vim /etc/profileexport PATH=/k8s/kubernetes/bin:$PATHsource /etc/profile[centos@jiliguo ~]$ kubectl get cs,nodesNAME                                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERRORcomponentstatus/controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  componentstatus/scheduler            Healthy   ok                  componentstatus/etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   componentstatus/etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   componentstatus/etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

8. 部署node节点

8.1 部署kubelet组件

以下2步骤在master节点执行

• 将kubelet-bootstrap用户绑定到系统集群角色

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap

• 创建kubelet-bootsreap kubeconfig文件

#!/bin/bash#创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfigBOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=c3daa4aea38e73da480df317c0fd63f9KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.0.170:6443"#设置集群参数kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \  --certificate-authority=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \  --embed-certs=true \  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig#设置客户端认证参数kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig# 设置上下文参数kubectl config set-context default \  --cluster=kubernetes \  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig# 设置默认上下文kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig#----------------------# 创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \  --certificate-authority=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \  --embed-certs=true \  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig# 此处需要换个路径，普通用户出现无法读取，加sudo出现没有找到命令kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \  --client-certificate=/home/centos/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem \  --client-key=/home/centos/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem \  --embed-certs=true \  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfigkubectl config set-context default \  --cluster=kubernetes \  --user=kube-proxy \  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfigkubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

sh /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/environment.sh

将配置文件传输到node节点目录下/k8s/kubernetes/cfg

node节点

• 安装二进制文件

tar zxvf kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gzcd kubernetes/node/bin/cp kube-proxy kubelet kubectl /k8s/kubernetes/bin/

• 创建kubelet参数配置模板文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.configkind: KubeletConfigurationapiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1address: 10.0.0.113port: 10250readOnlyPort: 10255cgroupDriver: cgroupfsclusterDNS: ["10.254.0.10"]clusterDomain: cluster.local.failSwapOn: falseauthentication:  anonymous:    enabled: true

• 创建kubelet配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \--v=4 \--hostname-override=10.0.0.113 \--kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \--config=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \--cert-dir=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

• 创建kubelet systemd文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service  [Unit]Description=Kubernetes KubeletAfter=docker.serviceRequires=docker.service [Service]EnvironmentFile=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubeletExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTSRestart=on-failureKillMode=process [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 启动服务

sudo systemctl daemon-reloadsudo systemctl enable kubeletsudo systemctl start kubeletsudo systemctl status kubelet

• master节点 Master接受kubelet CSR请求 可以手动或自动 approve CSR 请求。推荐使用自动的方式，因为从 v1.8 版本开始，可以自动轮转approve csr 后生成的证书，如下是手动 approve CSR请求操作方法 查看CSR列表

[centos@jiliguo k8s]$ kubectl get csrNAME                                                   AGE   REQUESTOR           CONDITIONnode-csr-uOJ3ElpCCtzi4E1JKCGzf6zm8B8769kKX4OHRtYuPVM   67s   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending[centos@jiliguo k8s]$ kubectl certificate approve node-csr-uOJ3ElpCCtzi4E1JKCGzf6zm8B8769kKX4OHRtYuPVMcertificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-uOJ3ElpCCtzi4E1JKCGzf6zm8B8769kKX4OHRtYuPVM[centos@jiliguo k8s]$ kubectl get csrNAME                                                   AGE     REQUESTOR           CONDITIONnode-csr-uOJ3ElpCCtzi4E1JKCGzf6zm8B8769kKX4OHRtYuPVM   3m20s   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued

8.2 部署kube-proxy组件

kube-proxy 运行在所有 node节点上，它监听 apiserver 中 service 和 Endpoint的变化情况，创建路由规则来进行服务负载均衡

• 创建 kube-proxy 配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxyKUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \--v=4 \--hostname-override=10.0.0.113 \--cluster-cidr=10.254.0.0/16 \--kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

• 创建kube-proxy systemd文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service  [Unit]Description=Kubernetes ProxyAfter=network.target [Service]EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxyExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTSRestart=on-failure [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 启动服务

sudo systemctl daemon-reloadsudo systemctl enable kube-proxysudo systemctl start kube-proxysudo systemctl status kube-proxy

按照上述流程操作另一node节点

9. 安装flannel网络

默认没有flanneld网络，Node节点间的pod不能通信，只能Node内通信，为了部署步骤简洁明了，故flanneld放在后面安装 flannel服务需要先于docker启动。flannel服务启动时主要做了以下几步的工作： 从etcd中获取network的配置信息 划分subnet，并在etcd中进行注册 将子网信息记录到/run/flannel/subnet.env中

以下操作在需要加入flannel网络节点间操作

9.1 etcd注册网段

/k8s/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://10.0.0.170:2379,https://10.0.0.113:2379,https://10.0.0.56:2379"  set /k8s/network/config  '{ "Network": "10.254.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'{ "Network": "10.254.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}

9.2 flannel部署

• 解压安装

tar -xvf flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gzmv flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /k8s/kubernetes/bin/

• 配置flanneld

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneldFLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://10.0.0.170:2379,https://10.0.0.113:2379,https://10.0.0.56:2379 -etcd-cafile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem -etcd-prefix=/k8s/network"

• 创建flanneld systemd文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service[Unit]Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agentAfter=network-online.target network.targetBefore=docker.service [Service]Type=notifyEnvironmentFile=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneldExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONSExecStartPost=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.envRestart=on-failure [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 配置Docker启动指定子网 修改EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env，ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS即可

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service [Unit]Description=Docker Application Container EngineDocumentation=https://docs.docker.comAfter=network-online.target firewalld.serviceWants=network-online.target [Service]Type=notifyEnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.envExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONSExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPIDLimitNOFILE=infinityLimitNPROC=infinityLimitCORE=infinityTimeoutStartSec=0Delegate=yesKillMode=processRestart=on-failureStartLimitBurst=3StartLimitInterval=60s [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 启动服务

注意启动flannel前要关闭docker及相关的kubelet这样flannel才会覆盖docker0网桥

sudo systemctl daemon-reloadsudo systemctl stop dockersudo systemctl start flanneldsudo systemctl enable flanneldsudo systemctl start docker

master节点：sudo systemctl restart kube-apiserver.service sudo systemctl restart kube-controller-manager.service sudo systemctl restart kube-scheduler.servicenode 节点： sudo systemctl restart kubeletsudo systemctl restart kube-proxy

• 验证服务

[centos@jiliguo k8s1.13]$ cat /run/flannel/subnet.env DOCKER_OPT_BIP="--bip=10.254.55.1/24"DOCKER_OPT_IPMASQ="--ip-masq=false"DOCKER_OPT_MTU="--mtu=1450"DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS=" --bip=10.254.55.1/24 --ip-masq=false --mtu=1450"[centos@jiliguo k8s1.13]$ ip a5: docker0: 
    
      mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default     link/ether 02:42:d4:14:40:81 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet 10.254.55.1/24 brd 10.254.55.255 scope global docker0       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 fe80::42:d4ff:fe14:4081/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    

10. 集群测试

通过部署nginx服务来进行测试。

• 部署nginx deployment

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginxkubectl

• 创建nginx服务

kubectl create service nodeport nginx --tcp 80:80

• 查看nginx服务

[centos@jiliguo ~]$ kubectl get serviceNAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGEkubernetes   ClusterIP   10.254.0.1       
    
             443/TCP        25hnginx        NodePort    10.254.219.203   
     
              80:31900/TCP   13m
     
    

• 测试服务

在node节点执行curl 127.0.0.1:31900或在浏览器输入node节点ip:31900

问题

• 用192.168.9段ip etcd服务无法启动，一直显示cannot assign requested address，但是换成本机ens0 10.0.0段ip后成功

参考：https://github.com/minminmsn/k8s1.13/blob/master/kubernetes/kubernetes1.13.1%2Betcd3.3.10%2Bflanneld0.10%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.md